Table 4.
Risk of atopic dermatitis in 6-month-old children with exposure to ambient PM10/NO2 during the first trimester of pregnancy stratified by the level of green space in the residential area.
| Green Space in Residential Area (m2) 1 | n | Atopic Dermatitis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PM10 during 1st Trimester (10 μg/m3) | NO2 during 1st Trimester (10 ppb) | ||||
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted 2 OR (95% CI) |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted 2 OR (95% CI) |
||
| 100-m buffer | |||||
| Tertile 1 (<11.1) | 220 | 1.289 (1.025–1.621) * | 1.454 (1.079–1.959) * | 1.087 (0.828–1.426) | 1.453 (0.944–2.236) |
| Tertile 2 (11.1–28.8) | 221 | 1.055 (0.821–1.356) | 1.047 (0.739–1.482) | 1.189 (0.805–1.756) | 0.838 (0.420–1.675) |
| Tertile 3 (>28.8) | 218 | 1.174 (0.901–1.530) | 0.938 (0.639–1.378) | 1.202 (0.752–1.921) | 1.281 (0.643–2.551) |
| 200-m buffer | |||||
| Tertile 1 (<21.1) | 220 | 1.284 (1.018–1.619) * | 1.581 (1.162–2.152) ** | 1.169 (0.887–1.541) | 1.632 (1.050–2.538) * |
| Tertile 2 (21.1–64.2) | 220 | 1.174 (0.911–1.512) | 1.120 (0.813–1.542) | 1.060 (0.726–1.546) | 1.044 (0.568–1.919) |
| Tertile 3 (>64.2) | 219 | 1.058 (0.814–1.375) | 0.852 (0.575–1.261) | 1.284 (0.710–2.323) | 1.063 (0.468–2.411) |
| 300-m buffer | |||||
| Tertile 1 (<63.3) | 220 | 1.268 (1.002–1.604) * | 1.455 (1.063–1.993) * | 1.140 (0.872–1.491) | 1.506 (0.973–2.330) |
| Tertile 2 (63.3–171.5) | 220 | 1.042 (0.815–1.330) | 1.183 (0.858–1.631) | 0.935 (0.618–1.413) | 1.020 (0.538–1.934) |
| Tertile 3 (>171.5) | 219 | 1.196 (0.910–1.572) | 0.995 (0.679–1.458) | 1.411 (0.833–2.391) | 1.599 (0.723–3.537) |
| 500-m buffer | |||||
| Tertile 1 (<158.5) | 220 | 1.356 (1.068–1.721) * | 1.451 (1.076–1.957) * | 1.171 (0.892–1.537) | 1.330 (0.877–2.017) |
| Tertile 2 (158.5–444.8) | 220 | 1.107 (0.847–1.446) | 1.246 (0.961–1.803) | 0.998 (0.643–1.550) | 1.066 (0.563–2.020) |
| Tertile 3 (>444.8) | 219 | 1.076 (0.836–1.385) | 1.005 (0.716–1.409) | 1.434 (0.911–2.225) | 1.882 (0.857–4.133) |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratios; CI, confidence interval; ppb part per billion. 1 The individual green space size within the buffer area. The distribution of green space was divided into tertiles. 2 Adjusted for maternal age, education, income, body mass index, history of allergy, exposure to secondhand smoke, residential mobility, gestational age, the presence of pets, infant sex, birth weight, season of birth, breastfeeding, mode of delivery, temperature, and humidity. * Significant at p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.