Table 2.
Concentrations of estrogens in manures of hen, duck, swine and cow.
| Type | E3 (μg/kg) | 17β-E2 (μg/kg) | BPA (μg/kg) | EE2 (μg/kg) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hen (n = 12) | Concentration | ND–1764.3 | ND–227.1 | ND–166.5 | ND–67.5 |
| Mean | 289.8 | 38.6 | 63.6 | 14.3 | |
| Detection rate | 83.33% | 66.67% | 91.67% | 58.33% | |
| Duck (n = 10) | Concentration | ND–1155.4 | ND–45.6 | ND–178.9 | ND–43.4 |
| Mean | 334.1 | 10.9 | 48.7 | 11.3 | |
| Detection rate | 60% | 70% | 70% | 50% | |
| Swine (n = 9) | Concentration | 174.2–518.2 | ND–201.3 | ND–361.8 | ND–70.1 |
| Mean | 330.3 | 52.9 | 51.9 | 25.1 | |
| Detection rate | 100% | 66.67% | 66.67% | 66.67% | |
| Cow (n = 10) | Concentration | ND–240.9 | ND–88.3 | ND–33.3 | ND–106.3 |
| Mean | 33.7 | 38.8 | 11.7 | 21.8 | |
| Detection rate | 20% | 80% | 50% | 50% | |
| Total (n = 41) | Concentration | ND–1764.3 | ND–227.1 | ND–361.8 | ND–106.3 |
| Mean | 247.0 | 35.0 | 44.7 | 17.8 | |
| Detection rate | 65.85% | 70.73% | 73.17% | 56.10% | |
The detection rate (D (%)) of an estrogen in manure was calculated according to the following equation: D (%) = Ndetectable/Ntotal × 100, where Ndetectable is the number of manure samples with detectable levels of the estrogen under investigation, and Ntotal is the total number of manure samples. ND = under detection limit. E3 = estriol. 17β-E2 = 17β-estradiol. BPA = bisphenol A. EE2 = 17α-ethinyloestradiol.