Figure 3.

Diagram illustrating the cold signaling in plants via gene activation and accumulation of compatible osmolytes. The association between PA, PP2A and NR is hypothetical, and there may exist other forms of NR activation during cold exposure. CBF: C-repeat binding factor gene, CC: calcium channel, COR: cold responsive gene, CS: cytoskeleton, DAGK: diacylglycerol kinase, MR: membrane rigidity, NO: nitric oxide, NR: nitrate reductase, PA: phosphatidic acid, PLD: phospholipase D, PP2A: protein phosphatase 2A, ROS: reactive oxygen species.