Table 4.

Hazard ratio (95% CI) of developing adverse cognitive outcomes according to baseline depression and antidepressant use versus neither

COGNITIVE OUTCOME	BASELINE DEPRESSION/ANTIDEPRESSANT USE
	DEPRESSED/USER (N = 92)	DEPRESSED/NON-USER (N = 456)	NOT DEPRESSED/USER (N = 291)	NOT DEPRESSED/NON-USER (REFERENCE GROUP) (N = 6159)
Mild cognitive impairment
Number (%) of cases	11 (12)	38 (8)	20 (7)	262 (4)
Unadjusted HR (95% CI)/p-value	2.98 (1.63–5.44)/0.0004	2.11 (1.50–2.96)/<0.0001	1.82 (1.15–2.86)/0.01
Adjusted HR (95% CI)/p-value*	2.44 (1.24–4.80)/0.01	1.62 (1.13–2.32)/0.009	1.79 (1.13–2.85)/0.01
Probable dementia
Number (%) of cases	5 (5)	20 (4)	11 (4)	180 (3)
Unadjusted HR (95% CI)/p-value	1.92 (0.79–4.66)/0.15	1.62 (1.02–2.57)/0.04	1.50 (0.82–2.76)/0.19
Adjusted HR (95% CI)/p-value*	1.21 (0.43–3.43)/0.72	1.50 (0.92–2.44)/0.10	1.45 (0.78–2.72)/0.24
Mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia
Number (%) of cases	13 (14)	48 (11)	25 (9)	385 (6)
Unadjusted HR (95% CI)/p-value	2.41 (1.39–4.19)/0.002	1.82 (1.35–2.46) /<0.0001	1.56 (1.04–2.34) /0.0306
Adjusted HR (95% CI)/p-value*	2.34 (1.27–4.32)/0.006	1.65 (1.20–2.26)/0.002	1.60 (1.06–2.41)/0.03

^*Fully adjusted for age, ethnicity, education, family income, and marital status, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, body mass index, prior hormone therapy, high cholesterol requiring medication, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (treated or not), history of cardiovascular disease (based on self-report of prior myocardial infarction, angina, coronary revascularization, cardiac arrest, congestive heart failure, cardiac catheterization, carotid endarterectomy, atrial fibrillation, or aortic aneurysm), stroke or transient ischemic attack, hormone therapy assignment in Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study, and baseline Modified Mini-Mental State Examination score.

Abbreviations: HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval.