. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 6.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Plann Assoc. 2015 Dec 28;82(1):6–21. doi: 10.1080/01944363.2015.1111163

Table 1.

Subindexes of the Wharton Residential Land Use Regulation Index.

Subindex	Definition	Number (type) of component variables
Local assembly	Are community meetings or assemblies required prior to rezoning requests?	1 (yes/no variable)
Supply restrictions	Explicit caps on new units	6 (yes/no variables)
Density restrictions	Minimum lot size	2 (yes/no variables)
Open space	Are there open space requirements?	1 (yes/no variable)
Exactions Ar	e developers required to pay their share of costs of infrastructure improvement?	1 (yes/no variable)
Approval delay	What is the average duration of the approval process?	8 (months for different types of projects)
Local political pressure	Involvement by local actors in the development process	11 (rankings of level of importance/involvement)
State political involvement	Degree to which state facilitates land use restrictions	2 (rankings)
State court involvement	Tendency of courts to uphold impact fees, fair-share development requirements, building moratoria, and exclusionary zoning	1 (ranking)
Local zoning approval	How many groups have to approve zoning changes?	7 (yes/no variables)
Local project approval	How many groups have to approve projects that do not require zoning changes?	6 (yes/no variables)