Figure 3.
IL-4/IL-13 treatment increased hippocampal expression of Ym1 (p<0.001; A), Fizz1 (p<0.001; B), and TGF-β (p<0.005; C) compared to vehicle-treated mice. Ym1 expression was higher in aged control mice compared to adult controls given either vehicle or IL-4/IL-13 treatment (p<0.05; A). However, there was no difference in Ym1 expression between the adult and aged mice in the exercise condition. In the IL-4/IL-13-treated adult mice, exercise increased Ym1 expression relative to adult controls (p<0.05; A). For Fizz1, exercise overall decreased expression in the aged mice (p<0.05; B). However, no differences in Fizz1 expression were detected between the adult and aged mice in the vehicle or IL-4/IL-13 treatment conditions. Aged mice overall showed increased expression of TGF-β compared to adult mice (p<0.05; C). Fold change is expressed relative to adult vehicle-treated control mice. + Indicates a significant difference from IL-4/IL-13-treated mice. * Indicates a significant difference between groups. Bars represent means ± SEM.