Table 5.
Means of PRS-SA items at visit one and visit three for individuals with DS with longitudinal data
| DS Boys Visit 1 |
DS Boys-Visit 3 | DS Girls-Visit 1 |
DS Girls-Visit 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overly Personal | .93 (.83) | 1.0 (.96) | 1.17 (1.03) | 1.08 (1.0) |
| Swearing | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Overly Talkative | .21 (.43) | .43 (.51) | .25 (.45) | 0.42 (79) |
| Overly Detailed | 0(0) | .14 (.36) | 0.17 (.39) | .58(.90) |
| Insufficient Background Information | .57 (.65) | 1.07 (.83) | 0.83 (.72) | 1.33 (.65) |
| Redundant | .07 (.27) | .50 (.65) | .08 (.29) | .33 (.65) |
| Fails to Signal Humor | 0(0) | .21 (.43) | 0 (0) | .25 (.62) |
| Inadequate clarification | .07 (.27) | .29 (.47) | .17 (.39) | .25 (.62) |
| Topic Initiation | .43 (.85) | .86 (1.02) | .67 (.98) | .50 (.90) |
| Inappropriate Topic Shifts | .57 (.94) | .71 (.99) | 0.83 (1.03) | 1.0 (1.04) |
| Intrusive Interrupting | .21 (.43) | .64 (.93) | 0.67 (.89) | 1.08 (1.0) |
| Acknowledging | .57 (.85) | .21 (.58) | .92 (.90) | .75 (.87) |
| Response Elaboration | .86 (.66) | .57 (.76) | 1.00 (.95) | 1.17 (.72) |
| Topic Perseveration | .57 (.94) | .71 (.99) | .17 (.58) | .33 (.78) |
| Vocal Noises | .43 (.85) | .36 (.74) | .42 (.79) | .25 (.62) |
| Quality of Reciprocal Conversation | 1.21 (.80) | .57 (.76) | 1.58 (.51) | 1.42 (.67) |
| Overly Formal or Informal Speech | .29 (.61) | .14 (.36) | .17 (.58) | .17 (.58) |
| Scripted or Stereotyped Speech | .93 (.92) | .29 (.73) | 1.58 (.67) | 1.17 (1.02) |
| Errors in Grammar/Vocabulary | 1.5 (.85) | 1.86 (.53) | 1.42 (.79) | 1.42 (.90) |
| Intelligibility | 1.50 (.52) | 1.36 (.63) | 1.33 (.49) | 1.08 (.67) |
| Rate | .86 (1.02) | 1.86 (.53) | 0.33 (.78) | 0 (0) |
| Intonation/Pitch | .64 (.74) | .50 (.65) | .42 (.67) | .17 (.39) |
| Abnormal Volume | .50 (.76) | .43 (.65) | .67 (.98) | .50 (.80) |
| Use of Character Speech | 0 (0) | .14 (.53) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Language Formulation | .29 (.73) | .57 (.94) | .33 (.78) | .33 (.78) |
| Stuttering/Cluttering | .86 (1.03) | 1.29 (.99) | .17 (.58) | .50 (.90) |
| Mismanagement of Personal Space | 1.71 (.73) | .79 (.98) | 1.58 (.67) | 1.42 (.90) |
| Gestures | .14 (.36) | .50 (.76) | .08 (.29) | .33 (.65) |
| Repetitive Body Movements | .43 (.85) | .36 (.74) | .08 (.29) | .08 (.29) |
| Facial Expression | .14 (.53) | .57 (.94) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Eye Contact | .50 (.65) | .29 (.61) | 1.08 (.67) | .75 (.62) |
| Inappropriate Personal Hygiene | .71 (.99) | .43 (.85) | .50 (.90) | .67 (.98) |
Note. PRS-SA = Pragmatic Rating Scale-School Age; DS = Down syndrome. Bolded items indicate significant changes over time at the level of p < .1.