Table 1. Baseline characteristics (n = 493).
| Clinical findings | Total | Training set | Test set | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 493 | 326 | 167 | ||
| Male | 68% | 71% | 63% | 0.11 | |
| Age (years) | 57.2±12.3 | 55.7 ± 12.8 | 60.2±10.7 | <0.001 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.7±3.9 | 24.1 ±4.0 | 22.8±3.4 | 0.002 | |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 144±21 | 145±20 | 142±22 | 0.14 | |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 79±13 | 81±13 | 76±12 | <0.001 | |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 52.7±28.7 | 52.7±28.7 | 55.3±33.8 | 0.14 | |
| Heatmap | G1 | 10% | 7% | 15% | 0.02 |
| G2 | 27% | 29% | 22% | ||
| G3a | 20% | 19% | 21% | ||
| G3b | 19% | 21% | 17% | ||
| G4 | 18% | 19% | 15% | ||
| G5 | 7% | 5% | 10% | ||
| Albuminuria (mg/gCre) | |||||
| normo (<29) | 9% | 9% | 7% | 0.003 | |
| micro (30–299) | 17% | 14% | 23% | ||
| macro (300+) | 46% | 46% | 52% | ||
| nephrotic | 26% | 30% | 17% | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.0±2.3 | 12.2±2.3 | 11.6±2.5 | 0.02 | |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 7.7±2.1 | 7.8±2.0 | 7.6±2.1 | 0.25 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 218±73 | 219±69 | 215±80 | 0.55 | |
| Urinary RBC (%) | 12% | - | |||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.1±0.7 | - | |||
| Retinopathy (%) | 70% | - | |||
| DM duration (years) | 13.1±8.6 | - | |||
| Death | 64 (14%) | 26 (8%) | 38 (27%) | <0.001 | |
| Follow-up (year) | 6.7±6.4 | 6.3±6.3 | 7.7±6.4 | 0.03 | |
| Renal outcome | 261 (56%) | 174 (53%) | 87 (64%) | 0.04 | |
| Follow-up (year) | 5.1±5.9 | 4.9±5.8 | 5.6±6.3 | 0.22 | |
Abbreviation: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration ratio; Renal outcome, initiation of dialysis or 50% eGFR decline