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. 2018 Feb 6;13(2):e0191953. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191953

Table 4. Sensitivity analyses for liraglutide 1.8 mg compared with lixisenatide 20 μg (each added to basal insulin).

Base-case scenario ΔCosts (SEK) ΔQALYs Cost/QALY (SEK)a
Liraglutide 1.8 mg versus lixisenatide (each added to insulin glargine) 26,414 0.86 30,802
Alternative time horizons
    30 years 25,829 0.85 30,521
    20 years 39,231 0.77 50,964
    10 years 46,487 0.48 97,075
Alternative discount rates
    0% 13,210 1.21 10,901
    5% 30,329 0.69 43,769
Different assumptions for HbA1c
    Treatment intensification at HbA1c 8.2% instead of 8.8% 13,396 0.93 14,357
    HbA1c progression for GLP-1 = 0.08% 44,566 0.88 50,459
Key outcome drivers abolished or changed
    Between-treatment difference in HbA1c abolished 76,326 0.09 817,877
    HbA1c difference between treatments, 95% CI lower bound 43,368 0.63 68,528
    HbA1c difference between treatments, 95% CI upper bound 4,637 1.06 4,637
    Between-treatment difference in BMI abolished 26,511 0.81 32,668
    BMI difference between treatments, 95% CI lower bound 26,470 0.83 32,017
    BMI difference between treatments, 95% CI upper bound 26,360 0.91 29,017
Alternative treatment costs
    Healthcare perspective 28,028 0.86 32,591
    Liraglutide 1.8 mg replaced with 1.2 mgb –13,996 0.58 Liraglutide dominant
    Insulin glargine replaced with an intermediate-acting basal insulin (Insuman® basal) 22,540 0.86 26,285
Alternative complication costs
    +20% 17,790 0.86 20,746
    −20% 35,080 0.86 40,908
Alternative assumptions about patient utility
No patient utility from treatment (flexibility, injections procedures and SMBG) and short-term HbA1c utility 26,414 0.32 81,601

aAs the cost/QALY is calculated directly from individual values in the model, the results are not necessarily identical to those seen when dividing mean Δcosts by mean ΔQALY values.

bRelative efficacy derived from LEAD 3. Prices for drugs were obtained from the Swedish Dental and Pharmaceutical Benefits Agency price database in July 2016. All other costs are reported in 2015 values. Δ, difference in; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; QALY, quality-adjusted life-year; SMBG, self-monitoring of blood glucose.