(A) Experimental protocol for M6 activation and aSP13 imaging, and representative calcium responses in aSP13 axons in the γ5 compartment. Scale bar, 10 μm. (B) Average ΔF/F responses in aSP13 axons, mean ± s.e.m. n = 22. (C) Average ΔF/F responses during the SFOCatCh ON periods in trials with (n = 9) or without 50 μM D-AP-5 (n = 22). ***p<0.001, t-test. (D) Average ΔF/F responses, imaged at 1 Hz after 200 s of post-stimulus section. (E) Experimental protocol for MBγ activation and aSP13 imaging, and representative calcium responses in aSP13 axons in the γ5 compartment. Scale bar, 10 μm. (F) Average ΔF/F responses in aSP13 axons, mean ± s.e.m. n = 13. (G) Average ΔF/F responses during the SFOCatCh ON periods in trials with or without 1 mM DA, 50 μM AP-5, or 150 μM mecamylamine (Mec). n = 13, 13, 5,10, respectively. **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, t-test. (H) Average ΔF/F responses, imaged at 1 Hz after 200 s of post-stimulus section. (I) Suppression indices (SI) of male flies in which shits is expressed in M6 neurons, shifted to 32°C during training or testing, as indicated. ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05, permutation tests, see Supplementary file 2.