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. 2018 Feb 6;71(5):527–542. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.055

Figure 1.

Figure 1

TRAF-STOP Treatment Inhibits the Development of Atherosclerosis

(A) Twelve-week-old male Apoe−/− mice were fed a normal chow diet and were injected for 6 weeks with TRAF-STOP 6877002 (n = 13), 6860766 (n = 12) (10 μmol/kg/day in 200 μl of vehicle), or vehicle control (vehicle: phosphate-buffered saline, 0.05% Tween 80, 5% dimethylsulfoxide) (n = 15). (B) Atherosclerotic plaque area of the aortic arch had decreased after TRAF-STOP treatment. (C) Atherosclerotic plaques were classified by phenotype, intimal xanthoma (IX), pathological intimal thickening (PIT), fibrous cap atheroma (FCA), revealing less FCA after TRAF-STOP treatment. (D) Representative images (hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections) of longitudinal sections of plaques in the aortic arch (AA), including the brachiocephalic trunk (BCT), left carotid artery (LCA), and left subclavian artery (LSA) (left panel, scale bar = 2 mm), and plaques in the brachiocephalic trunk (right panel, scale bar = 100 μm) of TRAF-STOP- and control-treated Apoe−/− mice showing a decrease in plaque size after TRAF-STOP treatment. TRAF-STOP treatment decreases the amount of Mac3+ macrophages (scale bar = 70 μm) (E), CD3+ T cells (scale bar = 40 μm) (F), and Ly6G+ neutrophils (scale bar = 50 μm) (G), as shown in these representative pictures of atherosclerotic plaques of the brachiocephalic trunk. *p < 0.05. TRAF = tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors.