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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 2.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Brain Res. 2017 Dec 27;341:114–121. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.034

Figure 2. Increased emotionality in single prairie vole mothers.

Figure 2

In the morning of lactation days 2 and 3, prairie vole mothers were tested for 5 min on the elevated plus-maze for anxiety-related behavior and in the forced swim test for passive stress-coping, respectively. (A) On the elevated plus-maze, fs mothers displayed higher anxiety-related behavior compared to fp mothers, indicated by a significantly less percentage of entries into and a trend towards less percentage of time spent on the open arms. (B) In the forced swim test, fs mothers spent more time on passive stress-coping (floating), resembling increased depressive-like behavior. For further details, see legend to Fig. 1. Data are presented as mean + SEM, n = 5 – 6 per group. * p ≤ 0.05 versus fp; (*) p = 0.06.