Table A.2.
Adjusted linear regression coefficients for associations of mid-childhood linear and branched isomers of PFOS and PFOA concentrations with lipid and ALT levels in mid-childhood among all children and stratified by child sex.
| All childrena
|
Boysb
|
Girlsc
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | pint | |
| Lipids | ||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||
| n-PFOS | 1.8 (−0.2, 3.7) | 0.5 (−1.9, 2.9) | 4.2 (0.5, 7.9) | 0.15 |
| sm-PFOS | 1.8 (−0.4, 3.9) | 0.7 (−1.9, 3.4) | 3.6 (−0.3, 7.5) | 0.36 |
| n-PFOA | 2.9 (−0.2, 6.1) | 1.4 (−2.8, 5.6) | 5.6 (0.8, 10.3) | 0.24 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||
| n-PFOS | 0.8 (−0.8, 2.5) | −0.2 (−2.2, 1.8) | 2.8 (−0.3, 6.0) | 0.15 |
| sm-PFOS | 0.7 (−1.2, 2.6) | −0.1 (−2.5, 2.3) | 2.1 (−1.2, 5.4) | 0.43 |
| n-PFOA | 1.0 (−1.7, 3.7) | −0.2 (−3.9, 3.4) | 3.2 (−0.7, 7.1) | 0.25 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||
| n-PFOS | 1.4 (0.4, 2.5) | 1.2 (0.1, 2.3) | 2.0 (0.0, 4.0) | 0.38 |
| sm-PFOS | 1.6 (0.4, 2.7) | 1.3 (0.0, 2.6) | 2.1 (−0.1, 4.2) | 0.38 |
| n-PFOA | 1.8 (0.4, 3.3) | 1.7 (−0.2, 3.6) | 2.2 (−0.0, 4.5) | 0.47 |
| Total/HDL-C × 100 | ||||
| n-PFOS | −4.3 (−9.2, 0.7) | −5.0 (−10.2, 0.2) | −3.5 (−14.4, 7.5) | 0.96 |
| sm-PFOS | −4.9 (−10.5, 0.7) | −5.0 (−11.1, 1.0) | −5.4 (−16.6, 5.9) | 0.63 |
| n-PFOA | −3.6 (−10.9, 3.7) | −5.8 (−14.5, 2.9) | −1.1 (−13.7, 11.6) | 0.90 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | ||||
| n-PFOS | −2.6 (−4.4, −0.8) | −2.3 (−4.2, −0.4) | −3.3 (−7.1, 0.5) | 0.33 |
| sm-PFOS | −2.2 (−4.6, 0.2) | −2.3 (−4.7, 0.1) | −2.7 (−7.5, 2.1) | 0.35 |
| n-PFOA | 0.4 (−2.6, 3.5) | −0.3 (−3.5, 2.9) | 0.8 (−5.0, 6.5) | 0.59 |
| Liver enzymes | ||||
| ALT (U/L) | ||||
| n-PFOS | −0.3 (−0.9, 0.3) | −0.3 (−1.2, 0.6) | −0.4 (−1.1, 0.3) | 0.68 |
| sm-PFOS | −0.4 (−0.9, 0.1) | −0.5 (−1.2, 0.3) | −0.4 (−1.0, 0.3) | 0.94 |
| n-PFOA | −0.7 (−1.4, 0.0) | −0.6 (−1.6, 0.4) | −0.9 (−1.8, −0.1) | 0.41 |
Abbreviations: PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonate; PFOA, perfluorooctanoate; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; n-PFOS, n-perfluorooctane sulfonate; IQR, interquartile range; sm-PFOS, perfluoromethylheptane sulfonates; n-PFOA, n-perfluorooctanoate.
Estimates are presented as change (95% confidence intervals) in outcome for each interquartile range increment in exposure. Models were adjusted for maternal education, prenatal smoking, and child’s sex, race/ethnicity, and age at lipids/ALT measurements.
Children with lipid and ALT measurements = 596 and 630, respectively.
Boys with lipid and ALT measurements = 314 and 332, respectively.
Girls with lipid and ALT measurements = 282 and 298, respectively.