Encoding (left) and retrieval (right) trial structures. Encoding trials included centrally presented arrows pointing to the side on which the word would appear, presentation of the encoding task, either “living or non-living?” (animacy judgment) or “mobile or immobile?” (mobility judgment), and then presentation of a word directly above the encoding question. Retrieval trials began with presentation of one of three cues (Side, Question, or Odd/Even), followed by presentation of a word from the preceding encoding block on Side and Question trials, or a numeral (e.g., “seventy-seven”) on Odd/Even trials. Finally, a response screen was presented until the participant responded or 10 seconds had elapsed. The response options for a Side trial are shown. On Question trials, “left” and “right” were replaced with “living/non-living” and “mobile/immobile”; on Odd/Even trials they were replaced with “odd” and “even”.