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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2017 Nov 17;114:175–184. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.11.011

Figure 7. Slower heart rate improves coronary perfusion and cardiac efficiency in ex vivo mouse working hearts.

Figure 7

A. Although the rate coronary flow per min was decreased, coronary flow per beat increased in mouse working at human-like heart rate of 120–130 bpm as compared with that at 480 bpm. B. The increases of LVP ejection integral and total integral at preload of 5 and 10 mmHg were significantly higher in mouse ex vivo working hearts at 120–130 bpm than that at 480 bpm, indicating alleviated pumping function. C. Cardiac efficiency calculated by the ratio of ejection to total LVP integrals showed higher efficiency at the human-like lower heart rate as compared with that at 480 bpm. The difference was larger at 5 mmHg preload while the increase of preload improved cardiac efficiency. N = 4 to 6 hearts. Values are presented as mean ± SE. #P<0.05 vs. 5 mmHg; *P<0.05 vs. at 480 bpm in Student’s t test.