Table 1.

Common nucleotide chemistries used to synthesise antisense oligonucleotide molecule

Nucleotide chemistry	Abbreviation	Resistant to nuclease degradation	RNase H activation	Splice modulation	Toxicity	Charge	Reference
Phosphorothioate DNA	PS	+	+	–	++	Negative	[15]
2′-O-methyl RNA	OMe	+	–	+	+	Negative	[16]
2′-O-Methoxyethyl RNA	MOE	+	–	+	–	Negative	[13, 17]
Locked nucleic acid	LNA	+	–	+	+	Uncharged	[14, 18, 19]
Phosphoroamidate morpholino	PMO	+	–	+	–	Uncharged	[20]
Peptide nucleic acid	PNA	+	–	+	–	Uncharged	[21]