Table 1.
Demographic, mood, cognitive, and clinical characteristics of SVHD and controls.
| Variables | SVHD n = 18 (Mean ± SD) |
Controls n = 31 (Mean ± SD) |
P values |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Age (years) | 15.7±1.1 | 16.0±1.1 | 0.34 |
|
| |||
| Gender [male] (%) | 11 (55%) | 19 (54%) | 0.96 |
|
| |||
| Ethnicity (%) | White, 9 (50%); Hispanic, 7 (39%); Other, 2 (11%) | White, 17 (55%); Hispanic, 12 (39%); Other, 2 (6%) | 0.62 |
|
| |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.9±3.0 | 21.9±6.9 (n=30) | 0.58 |
|
| |||
| Handedness [right] (%) | 17 (94%) | 29 (94%) | 0.90 |
|
| |||
| Ventricle type [right] (%) | 9 (50%) | N/A | N/A |
|
| |||
| Extracardiac Fontan (%) | 16 (88%) | N/A | N/A |
|
| |||
| Fenestration (%) | 4 (22%) | N/A | N/A |
|
| |||
| * Residual Cyanosis (%) | 7 (39%) | N/A | N/A |
|
| |||
| PHQ-9 | 7.8±5.8 | 3.2±2.0 | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| BAI | 18.3±11.8 | 9.2±7.2 | 0.002 |
|
| |||
| WRAML2 GMI | 82.1±12.5 | 111.1±7.5 | <0.001 |
| WRAML2: Verbal Memory | 87.3±9.4 | 108.0±9.1 | <0.001 |
| WRAML2: Visual Memory | 95.7±10.8 | 107.8±8.0 | <0.001 |
| WRAML2: Attention | 84.6±10.1 | 111.5±7.7 | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| WRAML2 GRI | 92.4±11.0 | 111.6±8.1 (n=30) | <0.001 |
| WRAML2: Working Recognition | 88.9±8.6 | 114.2±12.9 | <0.001 |
| WRAML2: Verbal Recognition | 91.5±9.9 | 107.1±11.7 (n=30) | <0.001 |
| WRAML2: Visual Recognition | 96.0±14.0 | 109.1±11.4 | 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Total MoCA scores | 22.3±3.1 | 28.8±1.5 | <0.001 |
| MoCA: Visuospatial | 3.7±1.0 | 4.9±0.3 | <0.001 |
| MoCA: Naming | 2.8±0.4 | 3.0±0.0 | 0.02 |
| MoCA: Attention | 4.3±1.1 | 5.7±0.8 | <0.001 |
| MoCA: Language | 1.5±0.8 | 2.6±0.6 | <0.001 |
| MoCA: Abstraction | 1.3±0.6 | 1.9±0.3 | <0.001 |
| MoCA: Delayed Recall | 1.7±1.3 | 4.1±0.6 | <0.001 |
| MoCA: Orientation | 5.9±0.3 | 5.9±0.3 | 0.58 |
SD = standard deviation; N/A = not applicable; BMI = body mass index; PHQ-9= Patient Health Questionnaire-9; BAI= Beck Anxiety Inventory; WRAML2 = Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, 2nd Edition; GMI = General Memory Index; GRI = General Memory Recognition Index; MoCA= Montreal Cognitive Assessment;
*
Pulse oximetry < 93%.