Table 2.

Factors causing insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes

Factors causing insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes
Genetic/familial	Overweight or obesity Family history of type 2 diabetes High risk ethnic group Double diabetes
Physiological	Puberty and adolescence Increasing age
Treatment related	Uncontrolled glycemia – chronic hyperglycemia/glucotoxicity Intensive insulin therapy and weight gain Hypoglycemia and defensive snacking Overinsulinization with resultant iatrogenic peripheral hyperinsulinemia Mismatch between physiological insulin profile needs and pharmadynamic profiles of available insulins
Lifestyle and psychological	Sedentary lifestyle Eating disorders/bulimia
Others	Drugs Intercurrent illness