Table 1.
Sample characteristics of case and controls, unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for the association between RA and sample characteristics
| Case (n = 790) | Control (n = 11,850) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 60.70 (10.49) | 61.36 (6.32) | ||
| Female, n (%) | 498 (63.04) | 7470 (63.04) | ||
| Prescription drugs, n (%) | ||||
| DPP-4 inhibitor use (exposure) | 151 (19.11) | 2177 (18.37) | 1.056 (0.869–1.284) | 1.156 (0.936–1.429) |
| Insulin | 289 (36.58) | 3416 (28.83) | 1.459 (1.249–1.704) | 1.357 (1.125 –1.637) |
| Contraceptives | 9 (1.14) | 149 (1.26) | 0.892 (0.433–1.838) | 0.879 (0.423–1.826) |
| Hormone replacement therapy | 43 (5.44) | 473 (3.99) | 1.396 (1.008–1.933) | 1.367 (0.980–1.907) |
| Hydralazine | 8 (1.01) | 113 (0.95) | 1.062 (0.518–2.181) | 0.740 (0.347–1.577) |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB | 468 (59.24) | 6682 (56.39) | 1.129 (0.972–1.311) | 1.111 (0.953–1.297) |
| Statin | 373 (47.22) | 6068 (51.21) | 0.845 (0.729–0.980) | 0.807 (0.692–0.941) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Other AD | 54 (6.84) | 215 (1.81) | 3.943 (2.902–5.359) | 3.340 (2.434–4.583) |
| Asthma | 140 (17.72) | 1509 (12.73) | 1.483 (1.224–1.796) | 1.256 (1.029–1.532) |
| Renal | 69 (8.73) | 6.02 (5.08) | 1.818 (1.395–2.370) | 1.468 (1.107–1.947) |
| Obesity | 87 (11.01) | 1044 (8.81) | 1.286 (1.018–1.624) | 0.984 (0.772–1.253) |
| Osteoarthritis | 210 (26.58) | 1208 (10.19) | 3.324 (2.795–3.953) | 3.021 (2.529–3.610) |
| Diabetes with complications | 234 (29.62) | 2662 (22.46) | 1.465 (1.248–1.721) | 1.181 (0.993–1.404) |
| Heart diseases | 183 (23.16) | 1989 (16.78) | 1.533 (1.283–1.831) | 1.266 (1.048–1.530) |
SD standard deviation, DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, AD autoimmune disease, OR odds ratio, ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker