Expression of co‐stimulatory and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules in natural killer (NK) cells from healthy volunteers and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SLE patients (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 29) were immunostained for CD3, CD56, CD80, CD86, CD134 and human leucocyte antigen D‐related (HLA‐DR). Co‐stimulatory molecules and HLA‐DR were analysed from the CD3–CD56+ subset. Left and middle panel in (a–d). Dot‐plots from one healthy control and one SLE patient are shown. Numbers represent the percentage of CD80, CD86, CD134 or HLA‐DR‐positive cells from the CD3–CD56+ population. The cut‐offs for background fluorescence were based on isotype‐matched immunoglobulin (Ig)‐negative controls and fluorescence minus one (FMO) strategy. Right panel in (a–d). Analysis of the expression of CD80, CD86, CD134 or HLA‐DR in the CD3–CD56+ subset from SLE patients and healthy controls. Data are represented as the median and the interquartile range. *P < 0·05; **P < 0·005; ***P < 0·0001.