Table 2.

Prognostic factors for overall survival

Prognostic factor	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis*
	HR	P	HR	P
Older than 65 years	2.0	< 0.001	2.1	< 0.001
Serum creatinine at least 2 mg/dL	1.9	0.001	1.9	0.14
ISS Stage 3	2.2	< 0.001	1.4	0.25
LDH over upper limit of normal	1.8	< 0.001	1.9	0.02
PCLI at least 1%	1.5	0.006	1.3	0.34
BMPC at least 60%	1.4	0.02	0.9	0.63
High-risk FISH	1.8	0.002	1.5	0.13
Primary refractory MM	2.3	< 0.001	3.2	< 0.001

^*Multivariable analysis restricted to patients receiving a novel agent with induction.

ISS indicates international staging system; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; PCLI, plasma cell labeling index; BMPC, bone marrow plasma cell; and FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridization