Table 4.
Characteristics of lab-confirmed versus empiric pediatric MDR TB, participating U.S. jurisdictions, n=39
| Characteristics | Lab-Confirmed MDR TB |
Empiric MDR TB | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n=21 | n=18 | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Female Sex | 9 (43) | 12 (67) | 0.1 |
| Age (years) | |||
| <1 | 6 (29) | 1 (6) | |
| 1–4 | 3 (14) | 14 (78) | |
| 5–9 | 7 (33) | 1 (6) | |
| 10–14 | 5 (24) | 2 (11) | <0.0001a |
| Reporting state/jurisdiction | |||
| California | 5 (24) | 6 (33) | |
| Minnesota | 1 (5) | 1 (6) | |
| New York City | 15 (71) | 11 (61) | 0.8a |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| Asian | 7 (33) | 2 (11) | |
| Black | 4 (19) | 8 (44) | |
| Hispanic | 9 (43) | 6 (33) | |
| White | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | |
| Multiple | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | |
| Unknown | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.1a |
| US born | 17 (81) | 17 (94) | 0.3a |
| Previous TB diagnosis | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 1a |
| Known HIV statusb (n=30) | 13 (72) | 4 (33) | 0.04 |
| HIV positive among known statusb (n=17) | 3 (23) | 0 (0) | 0.5a |
| Disease site | |||
| Pulmonary only | 13 (62) | 15 (83) | |
| Extrapulmonary only | 4 (19) | 1 (6) | |
| Both | 4 (19) | 2 (11) | 0.4a |
| Abnormal initial chest radiograph | 14 (67) | 17 (94) | 0.05a |
| Verification criteria | |||
| Lab confirmed | 21 (100) | 0 (0) | |
| Clinical case | 0 (0) | 9 (50) | |
| Provider diagnosis | 0 (0) | 9 (50) | <0.0001a |
| Initial drug regimen (n=38) | |||
| IR | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| IRZ | 2 (10) | 0 (0) | |
| IRZE | 8 (38) | 6 (33) | |
| Multiple other drugs | 9 (43) | 12 (67) | 0.6a |
| Drugs/Drug groups in initial regimen (n=38) | |||
| Any first-line drug | 19 (95) | 16 (89) | 0.6a |
| Isoniazid | 14 (70) | 6 (33) | 0.02 |
| Rifampicin | 15 (75) | 7 (39) | 0.02 |
| Pyrazinamide | 16 (80) | 13 (72) | 0.7a |
| Ethambutol | 12 (60) | 12 (67) | 0.7 |
| Streptomycin | 3 (15) | 1 (6) | 0.6a |
| Any second-line drug | 7 (35) | 10 (56) | 0.2 |
| Fluoroquinolone | 3 (15) | 4 (22) | 0.7a |
| Second-line injectable | 5 (25) | 4 (22) | 1.0a |
| Ethionamide | 3 (15) | 9 (50) | 0.02 |
| Cycloserine | 6 (30) | 5 (28) | 0.9 |
| PAS | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | 0.5a |
| Treatment duration, median [IQR] months (n=35)d | 20 [16–24] | 19 [18–21] | 0.8c |
| End of treatment outcome (n=35)d | |||
| Completed | 14 (78) | 15 (88) | |
| Died | 2 (11) | 0 (0) | |
| Moved | 2 (11) | 2 (12) | 0.5a |
MDR TB=multidrug resistant tuberculosis; IR=Isoniazid and Rifampicin only; IRZ=isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide; IRZE=isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol; PAS=p-aminosalicylic acid; IQR=interquartile range
a
Fishers exact test
b
California HIV data missing from 2005–2010 (n=9).
c
Kruskal-Wallis test
d
Alive at diagnosis, started treatment prior to 2013 and had a documented reason therapy stopped