Table 1.
Characteristics of community dwelling individuals, stratified by sex and age group
| Variable | N | Mean ± SD Number (%) |
Age group (years) | Sex | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 45 | 45~ 60 | > 60 | p | Male | Female | p | |||
| Total | – | – | 40 | 150 | 129 | < 0.0001 | 150 (46.9%) | 170 (53.1%) | 0.26 |
| Age (years) | 320 | 57.06 ± 10.85 | 38.7 ± 3.6ab | 52.8 ± 3.9c | 67.7 ± 5.5 | < 0.0001 | 58.89 ± 11.73 | 55.43 ± 9.75 | 0.0044 |
| Height (cm) | 320 | 160.99 ± 8.49 | 165.4 ± 9.0 ab | 160.5 ± 7.8 | 160.2 ± 8.7 | 0.0019 | 167.20 ± 6.77 | 155.52 ± 5.61 | < 0.0001 |
| Weight (kg) | 320 | 61.28 ± 10.78 | 64.9 ± 12.4a | 59.7 ± 10.9 | 61.9 ± 9.8 | 0.0182 | 65.54 ± 9.60 | 55.75 ± 8.52 | < 0.0001 |
| WC (cm) | 320 | 79.46 ± 9.74 | 78.9 ± 10.0b | 76.9 ± 9.7c | 82.6 ± 8.8 | < 0.0001 | 85.00 ± 8.10 | 74.56 ± 8.35 | < 0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/cm2) | 320 | 23.55 ± 3.10 | 23.6 ± 3.3 | 23.1 ± 3.3c | 24.0 ± 2.7 | 0.0451 | 24.13 ± 2.88 | 23.03 ± 3.21 | 0.0014 |
| FBS (mg/dl) | 320 | 95.37 ± 21.86 | 91.7 ± 28.9 | 93.0 ± 19.2c | 99.3 ± 21.9 | 0.0314 | 99.23 ± 24.33 | 91.96 ± 18.83 | 0.0029 |
| URCA (mg/dl) | 320 | 5.59 ± 1.44 | 5.6 ± 1.6 | 5.4 ± 1.4 c | 5.9 ± 1.4 | 0.0140 | 6.37 ± 1.30 | 4.91 ± 1.18 | < 0.0001 |
| BUN(mg/dl) | 296 | 14.13 ± 4.05 | 11.4 ± 3.4 ab | 13.6 ± 3.4c | 15.8 ± 4.4 | < 0.0001 | 15.38 ± 4.06 | 13.23 ± 3.87 | < 0.0001 |
| Creatinine(mg/dl) | 296 | 0.92 ± 0.63 | 0.8 ± 0.2b | 0.8 ± 0.2c | 1.1 ± 1 | 0.0046 | 1.13 ± 0.90 | 0.75 ± 0.14 | < 0.0001 |
| AST(units/L) | 320 | 24.45 ± 15.38 | 20.3 ± 4.8 | 25.4 ± 20.7 | 24.7 ± 8.8 | 0.170 | 25.94 ± 20.96 | 23.14 ± 7.44 | 0.104 |
| ALT(units/L) | 320 | 23.99 ± 16.75 | 20.37.6 | 25.3 ± 19.9 | 23.7 ± 14.6 | 0.242 | 27.30 ± 21.78 | 21.07 ± 9.65 | 0.0008 |
| TGL(mg/dl) | 320 | 118.23 ± 76.60 | 125.2 ± 110.2 | 111.1 ± 64.3 | 124.5 ± 77.4 | 0.288 | 128.31 ± 87.56 | 109.34 ± 64.40 | 0.0269 |
| CHOL (mg/dl) | 320 | 203.66 ± 33.21 | 196.8 ± 37.6 | 204.8 ± 32.7 | 204.5 ± 32.4 | 0.372 | 200.25 ± 30.94 | 206.68 ± 34.90 | 0.0840 |
| LDL(mg/dl) | 320 | 135.81 ± 34.08 | 129.6 ± 36.8 | 135.6 ± 33.8 | 138.2 ± 33.5 | 0.371 | 136.08 ± 31.55 | 135.56 ± 36.26 | 0.891 |
| HDL(mg/dl) | 320 | 47.47 ± 13.63 | 45.7 ± 12.6 | 49.7 ± 13.6c | 45.3 ± 13.6 | 0.0161 | 42.48 ± 12.73 | 51.88 ± 12.88 | < 0.0001 |
| CRP(mg/L) | 320 | 0.188 ± 0.626 | 0.15 ± 0.2 | 0.13 ± 0.2 | 0.26 ± 0.9 | 0.256 | 0.196 ± 0.39 | 0.181 ± 0.77 | 0.823 |
| HBA1c (%) | 296 | 5.75 ± 0.959 | 5.7 ± 1.6 | 5.6 ± 0.6c | 6 ± 1.0 | 0.0243 | 5.88 ± 1.11 | 5.69 ± 0.82 | < 0.0001 |
| Stroke | 316 | 8 (2.5%) | 0 | 2 (1.3%) | 6 (4.8%) | 0.109 | 5 (3.4%) | 3 (1.8%) | 0.50 |
| HTN | 320 | 105 (32.8) | 2 (5%) | 37 (24.7%) | 66 (51.2%) | < 0.0001 | 61 (40.7) | 44 (25.9%) | 0.00 |
| DM | 320 | 38 (11.5%) | 2 (5%) | 12 (8%) | 24 (18%) | 0.0086 | 27 (18%) | 11 (6.5%) | 0.00 |
| CVD | 313 | 49 (14.8%) | 3 (7.5%) | 21 (14.6%) | 25 (19.5%) | 0.166 | 24 (16.2%) | 25 (15.1%) | 0.87 |
| SBP(mmHg) | 320 | 123.57 ± 18.95 | 112.2 ± 10.8ab | 119.9 ± 17.8c | 131.5 ± 19.2 | < 0.0001 | 128.10 ± 16.15 | 119.58 ± 20.34 | < 0.0001 |
| DBP(mmHg) | 320 | 78.02 ± 10.67 | 74.4 ± 8ab | 78.2 ± 11.5 | 79.0 ± 10.2 | 0.057 | 80.25 ± 10.10 | 76.05 ± 10.80 | 0.0004 |
| Pulse (beats/min) | 320 | 72.21 ± 32.39 | 73.9 ± 8.5 | 73.2 ± 30.4 | 70.5 ± 38.9 | 0.747 | 74.78 ± 46.18 | 69.95 ± 9.48 | 0.183 |
| Mean flow (ml) | 329 | 219.80 ± 35.91 | 232.4 ± 28.3b | 226.6 ± 37.2c | 207.8 ± 33.9 | < 0.0001 | 223.59 ± 35.89 | 216.33 ± 36.19 | 0.0742 |
| Mean RI | 322 | 0.656 ± 0.042 | 0.66 ± 0.037a | 0.64 ± 0.042c | 0.67 ± 0.045 | < 0.0001 | 0.668 ± 0.042 | 0.646 ± 0.040 | < 0.0001 |
| Mean ECA DIA (cm) | 331 | 0.357 ± 0.034 | 0.353 ± 0.029b | 0.352 ± 0.037c | 0.365 ± 0.033 | 0.0036 | 0.370 ± 0.033 | 0.346 ± 0.032 | < 0.0001 |
| Mean ICA DIA (cm) | 331 | 0.429 ± 0.030 | 0.419 ± 0.0348b | 0.424 ± 0.286c | 0.439 ± 0.028 | < 0.0001 | 0.443 ± 0.028 | 0.416 ± 0.026 | < 0.0001 |
| Mean CCA DIA (cm) | 331 | 0.577 ± 0.056 | 0.554 ± 0.0382b | 0.566 ± 0.0506c | 0.599 ± 0.0614 | < 0.0001 | 0.599 ± 0.055 | 0.558 ± 0.506 | < 0.0001 |
| Mean VA DIA (cm) | 325 | 0.316 ± 0.030 | 0.313 ± 0.0323 | 0.314 ± 0.0306 | 0.321 ± 0.0296 | 0.104 | 0.324 ± 0.030 | 0.309 ± 0.0285 | < 0.0001 |
| cPS | 331 | 1.86 ± 2.90 | 0.175 ± 0.594b | 0.893 ± 1.663c | 3.659 ± 3.596 | < 0.0001 | 2.55 ± 3.45 | 1.35 ± 2.25 | 0.0002 |
| Plaque presence | 331 | 178(53.8%) | 4(10%) | 63(42%) | 107(82.9%) | < 0.0001 | 95(63.3%) | 79(46.5%) | 0.003 |
| cIMT (cm) | 309 | 0.673 ± 0.110 | 0.571 ± 0.0762ab | 0.647 ± 0.0849c | 0.740 ± 0.1093 | < 0.0001 | 0.698 ± 0.11 | 0.654 ± 0.103 | 0.0006 |
| cIMT > 0.75 | 309 | 75(24.3%) | 2(5.3%) | 17(12.14%) | 54(45%) | < 0.0001 | 42 (30.4%) | 31 (19.2%) | 0.03 |
SD standard deviation, WC waist circumference, BMI body-mass index, DM diabetes melitus, HTN hypertension, CVD cardio vascular disease, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBS fast blood sugar, URCA uric acid level, BUN blood urea nitrogen, AST aspartate aminotransferase test, ALT alanine aminotransferase test, TGL triglyceride, CHOL cholesterol, LDL low density lipoprotein, HDL high density lipoprotein, CRP C-reactive protein, HBA1c, glycated hemoglobin, cIMT carotid intima media thickness, RI resistance index, ECA external carotid artery, ICA internal carotid artery, CCA common carotid artery, VA vertebral artery, cPS carotid plaque score