Table 3.

Effects of Soy and Isoflavones on CYP4 and PPARα Signaling

Agent	CYP	Effect	Proposed Mechanism	Reference
Diet in Vivo
SPI	CYP4A14	Increased Hepatic Expression	PPARα Activation	Badger et al. (2008)
Soy Formula	CYP4A21	Increased Hepatic Expression		Ronis et al. (2011a)
SPI	CYP4A10	Reduced Hepatic Expression		Simmen et al. (2010)
Soy Formula	CYP4A24	No Effect		Ronis et al. (2011a)
SPI		Reduced Steatosis, Increased	PPARα Activation	Mezei et al. (2003; 2006)
		Downstream Gene Expression		Badger et al. (2008), Ronis et al. (2009)
SPI		Increased PPARα Expression		Ronis et al. (2009)
Genistein, Daidzein		No Effect on PPARα-Dependent Genes		Ronis et al. (2009)
In Vitro Studies
Genistein, Daidzein		PPARα Activation, Induction of Dependent Genes	Ligand Binding	Mezei et al. (2003; 2006) Shay and Banz (2005)
Genistein, Daidzein, Isoflavones		PPARα Activation, 2 Hybrid System	Ligand Binding	Ricketts et al. (2005)
Genistein	CYP4F2	Induction in HepG2 cells	AMPK Activation	Hsu et al. (2011)

CYP4A14 - mouse; CYP4A21, CYP4A24 - piglet; CYP4A10 - rat; CYP4F2