Table 1.

Articles related to the effect of e-cigarettes on surgical outcomes

No.	Authors	Title	Journal	Publication date	Type of study	Summary
1	Rau et al. [2]	Electronic cigarettes are as toxic to skin flap survival as tobacco cigarettes.	Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open	2016 May	Abstract	Compares the effect of vapor from e-cigarettes to that of traditional cigarettes (and a control group) on skin flap necrosis in a rat model. This study found that rates exposed to e-cigarettes have the same rates of skin flap necrosis as those exposed to traditional cigarettes, and significantly higher rates of skin flap necrosis compared to a control group.
2	Page et al. [3]	The acute effects of electronic cigarette smoking on the cutaneous circulation.	Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery	2016 Apr	Pilot study	Preliminary results demonstrated that e-cigarette use results in reduced cutaneous blood flow when monitored using thermal imaging technology. The authors hypothesize that that e-cigarette use may impair wound healing and have adverse effects on surgical outcomes.
3	Krishnan et al. [4]	Can e-cigarettes cause free flap failure? A case of arterial vasospasm induced by electronic cigarettes following microsurgical breast reconstruction.	Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open	2016 Jan	Case study	Reported a case of a 48-year old female patient undergoing bilateral muscle-sparing TRAM flaps who experienced multiple episodes of vasospasm during her postoperative course. It was later revealed that the patient had been smoking e-cigarettes until the day of surgery.