Table 1.
Selected demographical and clinicopathological characteristics of study population (cases and controls)
| Characteristics | Cases | Controls | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| No.(%) | No.(%) | ||
| Age (year)b | 63.1 ± 8.6 | 61.2 ± 9.0 | 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2)b | 28.1 ± 5.0 | 27.3 ± 4.5 | 0.003 |
| Sex | |||
| Men | 399 (62.9) | 272 (58.5) | |
| Women | 235 (37.1) | 193 (41.5) | 0.136 |
| Race | |||
| White | 615 (97.0) | 444 (95.5) | |
| Other | 19 (3.0) | 21 (5.0) | 0.184 |
| Family history of CRC | |||
| Yes | 62 (9.8) | 35 (7.5) | |
| No | 572 (90.2) | 430 (92.5) | 0.194 |
| Level of education | |||
| Lower than high school | 302 (47.8) | 140 (30.2) | |
| High-school graduate | 100 (15.8) | 74 (16.0) | |
| College | 177 (28.0) | 175 (37.7) | |
| Bachelor or higher | 53 (8.4) | 75 (16.1) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking history | |||
| Current | 129 (20.3) | 58 (12.5) | |
| Former | 325 (51.3) | 228 (49.4) | |
| Never | 180 (28.4) | 176 (38.1) | < 0.001 |
| Reported screening procedure | |||
| Yes | 66 (10.4) | 107 (23.0) | |
| No | 568 (89.6) | 358 (77.0) | < 0.001 |
| Fruit intake (servings c/wk)b | 9.7 ± 8.3 | 10.9 ± 8.1 | 0.027 |
| Total vitamin D intake (μg/d)b | 8.7 ± 6.4 | 10.2 ± 7.9 | 0.001 |
| Total calcium intake (mg/d)b | 1019.8 ± 488.8 | 1097.1 ± 567.7 | 0.018 |
| Milk (g/d)b | 287.1 ± 278.0 | 299.9 ± 295.5 | 0.465 |
| Total dairy products (g/d)b | 364.5 ± 303.3 | 389.9 ± 340.0 | 0.200 |
| Tumor location | |||
| Colon | 417 (65.8) | – | – |
| Rectum | 217 (34.2) | – | – |
| Stage at diagnosis | |||
| I/II | 288 (58.9) | – | – |
| III/IV | 201 (41.1) | – | – |
| Chemoradiotherapy | |||
| Yes | 106 (19.9) | – | – |
| No | 427 (80.1) | – | – |
| MSI status | |||
| MSS/MSI-L | 446 (88.0) | – | – |
| MSI-H | 61 (12.0) | – | – |
| BRAF mutation status | |||
| Wild type | 445 (89.2) | – | – |
| BRAF mutant | 54 (10.8) | – | – |
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, CRC colorectal cancer, MSI microsatellite instability, MSI-H microsatellite instability-high, MSS/MSI-L microsatellite stable/microsatellite instability-low
aPvalues are for the significance of the two-sample t test for continuous variables and of the chi-square test for categorical variables
bContinuous variables presented as mean ± s.d. (standard deviation)
cA serving of fruit is: 1 medium-sized fresh fruit; ½ cup of chopped, cooked or canned fruit; ¼ cup of dried fruit; 6 oz of fruit juice (50%–100% pure juice)
Subjects with missing values are not reported in the table