Fig. 1.

Results aggregated from 32 chart review observation sessions. “Vitals” = heart/pulse rate, blood pressure, body temperature, respiration rate, oxygen saturation, and ventilator-related data. “Labs” = diagnostic testing of blood-based samples. “Searching/scrolling” = time spent scrolling through lists of note/report metadata before actually selecting a document to read. “Diagnostics” = nonlaboratory, nonimaging/radiology diagnostic study that generates a text report. “Medications” = active outpatient and inpatient medication lists, and inpatient medical administration record (MAR). “Dashboard” = viewing a multimodal data window. “Other” = clinical data not otherwise categorized, such as flowsheet records, appointment schedule, administrative demographic data, advanced directives, and active inpatient orders.