Table 1. Observation and participant characteristics.

Chart review observations	N (%)
Total observations	32
Unique patient charts reviewed	31
Unique clinicians observed	24
ICU team role
Attending physicians (10 unique)	13 (41%)
Fellows (7 unique)	9 (28%)
APP (7 unique)	10 (31%)
Shift
Day	23 (72%)
Night	9 (28%)
Preobservation ICU team census percent (of maximum) a	Mean (SD)
Total	68 (± 16) %
Admitting patient syndrome/diagnosis b
Respiratory failure	15 (48%)
Renal failure	7 (23%)
Pneumonia	5 (16%)
Septic shock	4 (13%)
Altered mental status	4 (13%)
Hypotension NOS	3 (10%)
Heart failure	3 (10%)
GI bleeding	3 (10%)
Liver failure	2 (6%)
Hemorrhagic shock	2 (6%)
Arrhythmia	2 (6%)
Other	13 (42%)
APACHE IV score	Median (IQR)
Total	69 (57–79)
Route of patient admission
Internal emergency department	11 (35%)
General hospital ward	7 (23%)
External emergency department transfer	6 (19%)
Outpatient clinic/procedure	4 (13%)
Outside hospital transfer	3 (10%)
Clinician demographics ( N  = 24)	N (%)
Years in clinical practice
Minimum	1
Median (IQR)	7.5 (4–13.5)
Maximum	34
Usual ICU practice ( N  = 19 c )
Medical	16 (84%)
Mixed medical/surgical	3 (16%)
Primary specialty
Pulmonary and critical care	14 (58%)
Critical care—internal medicine	1 (4%)
Critical care—anesthesiology	2 (8%)
APP training (critical care)	7 (29%)
Familiarity with existing EHR software ( N  = 19 c )
Beginner	2 (11%)
Intermediate	7 (37%)
Advanced	10 (53%)

Abbreviations: APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; APP, advanced practice provider; NOS, not otherwise specified; SD, standard deviation.

^aProvides an estimate of the workload burden at the time of the chart review.

^b More than one diagnosis permitted per unique patient ( N  = 31), will not sum to 100%.

^cNot all clinician participants completed the demographic assessment.