Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with resolved hepatitis B virus infection
| HBV reactivation (n = 58) | No HBV reactivation (n = 702) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | <0.0001 | ||
| Mean (range) | 64 (44–83) | 70 (43–93) | |
| Male, n (%) | 34 (58.6) | 397 (56.6) | 0.7600 |
| MM subtype, n (%) | 0.1769 | ||
| IgG | 30 (51.7) | 376 (53.6) | |
| IgA | 12 (20.7) | 181 (25.8) | |
| IgD | 4 (6.9) | 15 (2.1) | |
| Light chain only | 12 (20.7) | 115 (16.4) | |
| Othersa | 0 (0.0) | 15 (2.1) | |
| Durie–Salmon staging system, n (%) | 0.9108 | ||
| IA | 4 (6.9) | 58 (8.3) | |
| IB | 0 (0.0) | 6 (0.9) | |
| IIA | 16 (27.6) | 164 (23.4) | |
| IIB | 1 (1.7) | 26 (3.7) | |
| IIIA | 29 (50.0) | 336 (47.9) | |
| IIIB | 7 (12.1) | 104 (14.8) | |
| Unknown | 1 (1.7) | 8 (1.1) | |
| International staging system, n (%) | 0.0943 | ||
| I | 19 (32.8) | 131 (18.7) | |
| II | 21 (36.2) | 297 (42.3) | |
| III | 16 (27.6) | 267 (38.0) | |
| Unknown | 2 (3.4) | 7 (1.0) | |
| HBV serological marker, n (%) | 0.1447 | ||
| Anti-HBs negative | 17 (29.3) | 163 (23.2) | |
| WBC (×10% μL) | 0.4892 | ||
| Mean (range) | 5.2 (2.1–9.3) | 5.3 (1.3–52.9) | |
| Lymphocyte (×10% μL) | 0.3978 | ||
| Mean (range) | 1.6 (0.3–3.1) | 1.5 (0.1–13.9) | |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 0.0250 | ||
| Mean (range) | 3.6 (2.1–5.0) | 3.4 (1.0–5.3) | |
| ALT (IU/L) | 0.2574 | ||
| Mean (range) | 23 (7–73) | 20 (2–160) | |
| Gamma-GTP (IU/L) | 0.0035 | ||
| Mean (range) | 31 (9–115) | 43 (6–540) | |
| Novel agent, n (%) | |||
| Bortezomib | 48 (82.8) | 613 (87.3) | 0.3210 |
| Lenalidomide | 22 (37.9) | 401 (57.1) | 0.0047 |
| Thalidomide | 7 (12.1) | 138 (19.7) | 0.1574 |
| Steroid, n (%) | |||
| Dexamethasone | 53 (91.4) | 648 (92.3) | 0.7973 |
| Prednisolone | 14 (24.1) | 259 (36.9) | 0.0516 |
| Stem cell transplantation, n (%) | |||
| Auto-SCT | 38 (65.5) | 142 (20.2) | <0.0001 |
| Maintenance therapyb | 12(31.6) | 49 (34.5) | 0.7913 |
| Allo-SCT | 1 (1.7) | 2 (0.3) | 0.2122 |
| Follow up (week) | n = 58 | n = 700 | — |
| Median (range) | 74 (4–280) | 105 (1–541) |
Among the 5078 patients with MM, 760 patients exhibited resolved HBV infection. Of these 760 patients, 58 patients experienced HBV reactivation. Univariate analysis revealed that age, elevated serum albumin levels, and auto-SCT treatment were significant risk factors of HBV reactivation. Conversely, the administration of lenalidomide was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of HBV reactivation
Anti-HBs antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen, WBC white blood cells, ALT alanine aminotransferase, gamma-GTP gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, auto-SCT autologous stem cell transplantation, allo-SCT allogeneic stem cell transplantation
aOthers, includes IgM, non-secretary, and biclonal gammopathy (IgG and IgA)
bMaintenance therapy was compared in patients who received auto-SCT