Table 2.

Examples of ongoing academic trials evaluating MRD with NGS and/or NFG and/or PET-CT

Trial	Schedule
Cassiopeia (Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome/HOVON–NCT02541383)	Randomized trial of VTD versus VTD plus Dara (induction and consolidation)
	All patients receive ASCT
	Second randomization to no maintenance versus maintenance Dara
	MRD measurement (by NGF and NGS) will be done at baseline, post induction, post consolidation and then annually
	PET-CT at baseline and post consolidati
FORTE (GIMEMA–NCT02203643)	Randomized trial of CRd versus CCyd (induction 4 cycles followed by ASCT followed by consolidation 4 cycles) versus CRd 8 cycles without ASCT
	Second randomization to maintenance Lenalidomide versus maintenance Lenalidomide/Carfilzomib
	MRD measurement (by NGF and NGS) will be done at baseline, post induction (4 cycles), pre maintenance and then annually
	PET-CT at baseline, post induction (4 cycles) and pre maintenance
GEM Menos 65 (PETHEMA – NCT 01916252 & NCT 02406144)	Randomized trial of Mel200 versus Bu-Mel as conditioning regimen to ASCT following 6 cycles of induction with VRD
	All patients receive consolidation with 2 cycles of VRD
	Second randomization to Lenalidomide-dexamethasone maintenance versus Lenalidomide-dexamethasone-Ixazomib maintenance
	MRD measurement by NGF will be done at baseline, post induction, post ASCT, post consolidation and then annually
	Based on NGF results following 2 years of maintenance, decision to stop maintenance in case of sustained-MRD negativity, or prolong maintenance 3 additional years in case of NGF positivity

VTD bortezomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone, ASCT autologous stem cell transplantation, Dara daratumumab, CRd carfilzomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone, CCyd carfilzomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone, VRD bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone, Mel 200 melphalan 200mg/m², Bu-Mel busulfan-melphalan, Len-dex lenalidomide-dexamethasone, Len-dex-ixa lenalidomide-dexamethasone-ixazomib, Neg negative, Pos positive