Table 1.

Key points: Cellular and molecular biology

• Lung cancer treatment regimens are frequently based on the unique disease-causing genetic mutations including EGFR and ALK

• TLR4, the most well-studied pattern recognition receptor in sepsis, recognizes and binds LPS derived from gram-negative bacteria

• In pulmonary LAM, mutations in TSC1 and TSC2 lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and are believed to play a role in cyst formation

Definition of abbreviations: ALK = anaplastic lymphoma kinase; EGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor; LAM = lymphangioleiomyomatosis; LPS = lipopolysaccharide; TLR = Toll-like receptor; TSC = tuberous sclerosis complex.