Table 2.

Comparison of the WMS-R and MRI indices between patients with schizophrenia and HCS

		SZ (N = 174)		HCS (N = 638)		Statistics
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Effect size, d	t	p
WMS-R indices
Memory indices
Verbal memory		83.6	20.9	112.2	14.0	−1.60	t (810) = 21.15	2.0 × 10−79
Visual memory		85.4	18.6	105.2	9.6	−1.33	t (810) = 19.03	4.8 × 10−67
Delayed recall		79.3	20.3	109.5	12.0	−1.81	t (810) = 24.82	1.4 × 10−101
General cognitive index
Attention/concentration		92.6	15.3	110.1	12.8	−1.24	t (810) = 15.34	8.5 × 10−47
MRI indices
Hippocampus	L	2922.1	412.9	3140.1	340.9	−0.58	t (810) = 7.14	2.0 × 10−12
	R	2386.6	407.6	2576.9	327.8	−0.51	t (810) = 6.43	2.2 × 10−10
Amygdala	L	872.1	154.0	913.2	161.6	−0.26	t (810) = 3.01	2.7 × 10−3
	R	1142.0	200.2	1186.4	187.8	−0.23	t (810) = 2.73	6.6 × 10−3
Thalamus	L	3119.3	708.5	3299.8	673.2	−0.26	t (810) = 3.11	2.0 × 10−3
	R	2605.9	602.7	2752.0	556.1	−0.25	t (810) = 3.04	2.5 × 10−3
Accumbens	L	851.2	98.1	873.3	96.9	−0.23	t (810) = 2.67	7.7 × 10−3
	R	647.5	93.6	665.8	83.3	−0.21	t (810) = 2.49	1.3 × 10−2
Caudate	L	1799.1	361.2	1760.3	385.3	0.10	t (810) = −1.18	0.24
	R	2371.2	380.6	2291.9	403.3	0.20	t (810) = −2.30	2.2 × 10−2
Putamen	L	5914.8	578.1	5777.2	577.1	0.24	t (810) = −2.79	5.4 × 10 −3
	R	5958.9	522.0	5761.8	507.9	0.38	t (810) = −4.51	7.6 × 10 −6
Pallidum	L	1407.3	224.3	1255.0	202.2	0.71	t (810) = −8.60	4.0 × 10 −17
	R	1212.6	171.5	1147.1	173.1	0.38	t (810) = −4.42	1.1 × 10 −5

The unit for the MRI indices is mm³. Underline indicates p < 0.05

WMS-R Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, SZ patients with schizophrenia, HCS healthy comparison subjects, SD standard deviation, L left, R right