Fig. 2. Schematic presentation of a brain organoid-focused study, with groups consisting of familial ASD cases, idiopathic cases, and a control group.

Somatic cells (for example, fibroblasts) can be obtained from the participants and reprogrammed into iPSC and furthermore into brain organoids specific for each individual. This could enable an in vitro multi-omics studies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, metabolomics), oxidative stress, cellular organization, etc., hopefully, unveiling a molecular mechanism of the disorder that in the future can lead to better tools in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment