Table 6.
Physical and psychological characteristics.
| Risk group for smartphone addiction (n = 563) |
Normal user group (n = 1261) |
Total (n = 1824) |
χ2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Physical health problems | Dry eyes/decreased visual acuity | 165 (29.3) | 385 (30.5) | 550 (30.2) | 5.83 |
| Sleep disturbance | 180 (32.0) | 399 (31.6) | 579 (31.7) | ||
| Pain of neck, wrist, and back | 159 (28.2) | 377 (29.9) | 536 (29.4) | ||
| Digital dementia | 136 (24.2) | 274 (21.7) | 410 (22.5) | ||
| Chronic tiredness | 65 (11.5) | 111 (8.8) | 176 (9.6) | ||
| Others | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | ||
| No physical problem | 153 (27.2) | 368 (29.2) | 521 (18.8) | ||
| Psychological health problems | Anger | 175 (31.1) | 352 (27.9) | 527 (28.9) | 12.93 |
| Annoyance | 143 (25.4) | 385 (30.5) | 528 (28.9) | ||
| Anxiety | 118 (21.0) | 268 (21.3) | 386 (21.2) | ||
| Depression | 131 (23.3) | 240 (19.0) | 371 (20.3) | ||
| Aggression | 60 (10.7) | 135 (10.7) | 195 (10.7) | ||
| Lethargy | 36 (6.4) | 64 (5.1) | 100 (5.5) | ||
| Others | 0 (0.00) | 3 (0.2) | 3 (0.2) | ||
| No psychological problem | 168 (29.8) | 428 (33.9) | 596 (32.7) | ||
| Life | Satisfaction | 450 (79.9) | 1050 (83.3) | 1500 (82.2) | 7.642 |
| Dissatisfaction | 113 (21.1) | 211 (16.8) | 324 (27.7) | ||
| Interpersonal relationships | Satisfaction | 446 (79.2) | 1029 (81.6) | 1475 (80.9) | 4.986 |
| Dissatisfaction | 117 (20.8) | 231 (18.4) | 349 (19.1) | ||
| Career plan in future | Yes, I have plans | 432 (76.8) | 952 (80.5) | 1384 (75.9) | 823 |
| No, I don’t have any plans | 131 (23.3) | 309 (24.5) | 440 (24.1) |