Table 3.

Differences in cortical thickness (CTh) and cortical surface area (CSA)

CTh	HC	NPPE	PPE	Statistics (df, N)
Caudal anterior cingulate gyrus	2.6 ± 0.35	2.6 ± 0.22	2.7 ± 0.31	F(2, 46) = 0.29; p = 0.74
Left parahippocampal gyrus	3.2 ± 0.28	3.1 ± 0.25	3.3 ± 0.30	F(2, 46) = 1.17; p = 0.188
Left superior temporal gyrus	2.7 ± 0.18	2.9 ± 0.15	2.7 ± 0.11	F(2, 46) = 1.81; p = 0.175
Postcentral gyrus	2.2 ± 0.16	2.1 ± 0.15	2.2 ± 0.16	F(2, 46) = 1.12; p = 0.33
Left inferior frontal gyrus	2.2 ± 0.16	2.2 ± 0.13	2.2 ± 0.16	F(2, 46) = 0.56; p = 0.94
Left superior frontal gyrus	2.8 ± 0.17	2.9 ± 0.15	2.8 ± 0.11	F(2, 46) = 1.68; p = 0.19
CSA	HC	NPPE	PPE	Statistics (df, N)
Caudal anterior cingulate area	689.6 ± 155.5	693.7 ± 192.8	539.8 ± 90.2	F(2, 46) = 3.91; p = 0.04
Left parahippocampal area	673 ± 79.7	791.5 ± 164.7	672.4 ± 136.7	F(2, 46) = 4.33; p = 0.01
Left superior temporal area	3288 ± 363.9	3514.3 ± 455.1	3139.1 ± 354.8	F(2, 46) = 3.19; p = 0.05
Postcentral area	3749.4 ± 395.7	3861.5 ± 400.6	3417.1 ± 477.8	F (2, 46) = 3.63; p = 0.04
Left inferior frontal area	3853.9 ± 555.7	4147.1 ± 440.7	3927.6 ± 454.1	F (2, 46) = 2.06; p = 0.13
Left superior frontal area	6361. ± 713.5	6695.1 ± 863.4	6020.8 ± 887.9	F(2, 46) = 2.72; p = 0.07

Note: One patient was excluded in NPPE group (n = 14) due to different acquisition parameters for the analysis

Post-hoc analysis for caudal anterior cingulate area showed that the significant differences were between HC and PPE (p = 0.042); for the left parahippocampal area, significant differences were evident between HC vs NPPE (p = 0.014) and NPPE vs PPE (p = 0.040); for the left superior temporal and for postcentral area there were no significant differences between groups