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. 2018 Feb 6;8:2494. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20861-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Recovery from intoxication. Vero-d2EGFP cells were incubated with (a) 0.025 ng/mL of ricin, (b) 0.001 ng/mL of Stx1, (c) 1.0 ng/mL of EtxA, or (d) 0.01 ng/mL of Dtx for 20 h and then chased for 48 h in the absence of toxin. Blue and orange lines (corresponding to the color-coded toxin concentrations in Supplementary Figure S1) were generated from cytofluorometry analysis of toxin-treated Vero-d2EGFP cells at the end of the 20 h toxin incubation (left column) or 48 h chase (center column). Unintoxicated parental Vero cells (black lines) and unintoxicated Vero-d2EGFP cells (green lines) were also processed for each condition. Percentages represent the strength of the EGFP signal from intoxicated cells in comparison to unintoxicated cells. Right column: Representative images of cells at the end of the 48 h chase were taken at 200× magnification. Cell viability, as assessed by MTS assay (n = 3, avg. ± std. dev.) or annexin V (AV) / 7-AAD staining of the same cell population processed for EGFP cytofluorometry, is indicated.