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. 2018 Feb 6;8:2458. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20697-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pka-C3^d mutant males show copulation defects. (A) Percentage of males that copulated with wild-type CS females within the observation period of 30 min. Pka-C3^d males performed significantly worse than controls (elav-GAL4). Inducing PKA-C3 with elav-GAL4 restored mating behaviour of Pka-C3^d males whereas carrying only the elav-GAL4 driver or the UAS-PKA-C3 construct had no significant effect (ns). Expressing PKA-C1 in Pka-C3^d could also not rescue the copulation defects. Flies were 3d old. (B) Walking speed, measured in the Buridan’s paradigm, was not affected in 14d old PKA-C3^d mutants compared to wild-type CS. (C) Pka-C3^d mutants were more active than wild-type CS controls in the Buridan’s paradigm during the 15-min observation period. Number of individual flies tested is indicated on each bar. A Chi-square test was used to determine significance in A and unpaired student t-tests were used to determine significance in B and C. (B,C) Horizontal lines are medians; boxes are 25 and 75% quartiles; and whiskers, are 10 and 90% quantiles. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.