Table 1.

Percutaneous therapies for de novo aortic insufficiency (AI) with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices.

Author	Year	Case Series	Indication/Diagnosis	Intervention	Outcome	Long-Term Outcome
Russo et al36	2012	1 patient with HMII	Cardiogenic shock due to severe AI 2 months after surgical repair of the AI	Amplatzer Cribriform septal occluder	-Successfully discharged on day 6 without AI	-At 2 months, patient clinically improved with no further AI
Parikh et al35	2013	5 patients: 4 with HMII, 1 with HVAD	Patients with symptomatic AI, deemed to have high surgical risk	Amplatzer Cribriform septal occluder	-Improvement of AI from severe to less than mild in all -Device embolized in the aorta (successfully retrieved) in 1	-Only 2 were alive at 30 days -1 patient died from sepsis on day 18 and another died from right heart failure on day 12
Retzer et al39	2015	10 patients, 6 HMII, 4 HVAD	Patient with severe AI and high surgical risk (STS mortality 22%)	Amplatzer Cribriform septal occluder	-30% survived to discharge -Those that died had worse RV function	-All 3 patients who were discharged were alive at 6 months
D’Ancona et al41	2012	1 patient with LVAD	Severe AI	Edwards SAPIEN 29 mm oversized valve via left anterior thoracotomy under fem-fem bypass	-Successful deployment of the valve without immediate complications	-No long-term follow-up
Santini et al42	2012	1 patient with HMII	Refractory symptomatic AI and no surgical options	29 mm CoreValve implantation via femoral approach (required 2 valves due to paravalvular leak after first CoreValve)	-Minimal residual AI -Successfully discharged -On heart transplant list	-No long-term follow-up
Khan et al40	2013	1 patient with HMII	Medically refractory symptomatic AI	Melody transcatheter pulmonary valve in aortic position (femoral approach)	-Trace AI after procedure -Successfully discharged on post-procedure day 6	-Survived 10 months