Figure 1.

Schematic of laboratory waterpipe/hookah exposure setup for in vivo mouse exposure model. The waterpipe/hookah smoking system is setup for mouse exposure, which contains two waterpipe smoking assembly connected to the FMI pump that controls the timed flow of WPS along with dilution air into the exposure chamber using a computer controlled program. The pump is setup to a defined puff topography (e.g., ~171 puffs/h, each puff is about 3−4 sec. long with 17 sec. puff interval) as reported previously (Hakim et al. 2011). The flow rate of the pump which draws WPS was setup to 1.0 L/min with a constant flow of dilution air (filtered air) into the chamber (at the rate of 0.6 L/min). The exposure chambers were made of plexiglass, containing wired cages with cubical for individual mice. The arrows in the schematic indicates directionality of WPS and dilution air flow into the exposure chamber. WPS, Waterpipe Smoke