Pulse wave velocity (A), augmentation index (B), systolic blood pressure (C), and in heart rate (D) from the baseline (time 0) and at 1 and 2 h after the start of the walk on Oxford Street or in Hyde Park followed by measurements performed back in the laboratory at times indicated after the start of the walk for healthy volunteers and participants with COPD or IHD
Data are percentage changes (95% CI). COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. IHD=ischaemic heart disease. *p<0·05, **p<0·01, ***p<0·001, comparing Oxford Street with Hyde Park. +p<0·05, ++p<0·01, +++p<0·001, compared with timepoint −2 h.