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. 2018 Feb 7;8:2579. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20950-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression of IRE1α, XBP-1s and GRP78 in RSC96 cells transfected with IRE1α siRNA and exposed to high glucose. (A–C) Representative Western blots using RSC96 cells and probed with antibodies against IRE1α, P- IRE1α, XBP-1s and GRP78. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM of the percentage of the respective 25 mM glucose group and analyzed using one-way ANOVA analysis. ^ΔP < 0.05, ^ΔΔP < 0.01, compared to 25 mM glucose; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, compared to 150 mM glucose; ^★P < 0.05, ^★★P < 0.01, Student’s unpaired t-test compared to 24 hours’ time point. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (n = 4 per group).