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. 2018 Feb 7;8:2555. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20863-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Intranasal immunisation of mice with L. lactis that expresses the M1 pilus with the model peptide Ova_324–339 inserted at the βE-βF loop region (PilM1-Ova) induces IgG responses. Groups of Balb/c mice (n = 5) were immunised intranasally with 1 × 10⁸ CFU live recombinant L. lactis PilM1-Ova. The data from two independent experiments were combined. L. lactis without inserted peptide (PilM1) or mixed with synthetic Ova_324–339 (PilM1 + Ova) were used as controls. Synthetic Ova_324–339 peptide alone (Ova) or mixed with Cholera Toxin B subunit adjuvant (Ova + CT-B) were used as additional controls. Total serum IgG titres against (A) immobilised recombinant Spy0128 or (B) commercial ovalbumin were measured by ELISA. **p < 0.005; ***p < 0.0005; ns = not significant; One-way ANOVA with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. (C) Ova-specific responses by IgG subclasses. ***p < 0.0005; Mann-Whitney test.