. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 14.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Obes (Lond). 2017 Aug 14;42(2):205–212. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.188

Table 3. Weight change between baseline (1993-1996) and follow-up (2003-2007) and subsequent all-cause mortality in subgroups in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

	Weight change (kg)

	Loss (>10)	Loss (>5–10)	Loss (>2.5–5)	Stable (±2.5)	Gain (>2.5–5)	Gain (>5–10)	Gain (>10)
Race/ethnicity
African American
No. of deaths	161	156	123	259	72	91	81
HR (95% CI)^a	2.46 (2.01-3.01)	1.79 (1.47-2.19)	1.30 (1.05-1.62)	1.00 (ref)	0.72 (0.55-0.94)	0.93 (0.73-1.19)	1.32 (1.00-1.74)
Native Hawaiian
No. of deaths	98	78	40	137	52	43	51
HR (95% CI)^a	2.55 (1.96-3.32)	1.68 (1.27-2.23)	0.84 (0.59-1.20)	1.00 (ref)	0.94 (0.68-1.30)	0.71 (0.50-1.01)	0.97 (0.68-1.39)
Japanese American
No. of deaths	151	363	397	915	213	146	38
HR (95% CI)^a	3.29 (2.76-3.92)	1.86 (1.64-2.10)	1.43 (1.27-1.61)	1.00 (ref)	0.97 (0.83-1.13)	1.14 (0.95-1.37)	1.40 (0.99-1.96)
Latino
No. of deaths	136	172	146	361	127	119	82
HR (95% CI)^a	3.28 (2.69-4.00)	1.75 (1.45-2.10)	1.29 (1.06-1.56)	1.00 (ref)	0.95 (0.77-1.16)	1.01 (0.81-1.24)	1.31 (1.01-1.70)
White
No. of deaths	203	282	220	603	177	194	136
HR (95% CI)^a	2.52 (2.15-2.96)	1.60 (1.38-1.84)	1.24 (1.06-1.44)	1.00 (ref)	0.94 (0.79-1.11)	0.94 (0.80-1.11)	1.07 (0.87-1.32)
P for heterogeneity	0.22

Age at baseline
45-54 years
No. of deaths	92	102	80	310	114	158	133
HR (95% CI)^a	2.67 (2.10-3.39)	1.78 (1.42-2.23)	1.18 (0.92-1.50)	1.00 (ref)	0.80 (0.65-1.00)	0.90 (0.74-1.09)	0.89 (0.71-1.12)
55-64 years
No. of deaths	220	315	266	692	249	243	159
HR (95% CI)^a	2.87 (2.46-3.35)	1.96 (1.72-2.25)	1.36 (1.18-1.57)	1.00 (ref)	0.99 (0.85-1.14)	1.06 (0.91-1.24)	1.42 (1.18-1.72)
65-75 years
No. of deaths	437	634	580	1,273	278	192	96
HR (95% CI)^a	2.83 (2.52-3.17)	1.65 (1.50-1.82)	1.30 (1.18-1.44)	1.00 (ref)	0.94 (0.82-1.07)	0.98 (0.84-1.14)	1.41 (1.13-1.76)
P for heterogeneity	0.51

BMI at baseline
<25 kg/m²
No. of deaths	149	403	452	1,215	300	234	115
HR (95% CI)^a	3.20 (2.64-3.87)	1.78 (1.57-2.01)	1.34 (1.19-1.49)	1.00 (ref)	0.99 (0.87-1.12)	1.07 (0.92-1.25)	1.65 (1.32-2.07)
25–<30 kg/m²
No. of deaths	273	436	342	795	248	222	131
HR (95% CI)^a	2.20 (1.84-2.64)	1.54 (1.35-1.75)	1.18 (1.04-1.35)	1.00 (ref)	1.03 (0.89-1.19)	1.07 (0.90-1.26)	1.39 (1.10-1.75)
≥30 kg/m²
No. of deaths	327	212	132	265	93	137	142
HR (95% CI)^a	2.58 (2.17-3.07)	1.50 (1.24-1.80)	1.18 (0.95-1.45)	1.00 (ref)	0.83 (0.66-1.06)	1.03 (0.83-1.28)	1.10 (0.87-1.38)
P for heterogeneity	<0.001

Smoking status
Never
No. of deaths	350	460	420	978	284	227	132
HR (95% CI)^a	3.37 (2.97-3.83)	1.92 (1.72-2.15)	1.37 (1.22-1.53)	1.00 (ref)	0.99 (0.86-1.13)	1.11 (0.95-1.28)	1.42 (1.16-1.73)
Former
No. of deaths	297	436	397	1,004	282	291	211
HR (95% CI)^a	2.73 (2.39-3.11)	1.66 (1.48-1.86)	1.28 (1.14-1.43)	1.00 (ref)	0.87 (0.76-0.99)	0.91 (0.79-1.04)	1.19 (1.01-1.41)
Current
No. of deaths	102	155	109	293	75	75	45
HR (95% CI)^a	2.00 (1.59-2.53)	1.64 (1.35-2.01)	1.28 (1.02-1.60)	1.00 (ref)	0.86 (0.67-1.12)	1.00 (0.76-1.30)	1.05 (0.75-1.49)
P for heterogeneity	0.011

Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; CI, Confidence interval; HR, Hazard ratio.

Adjusted by Cox regression for sex, race/ethnicity, age, BMI, years between the baseline and follow-up surveys, smoking status, average number of cigarettes, squared average number of cigarettes, number of years smoked (time-dependent), number of years since quitting (time-dependent), and interactions between ethnicity and smoking status, average number of cigarettes, squared average number of cigarettes and number of years smoked.