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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Magn Reson Med. 2017 Aug 7;79(4):2003–2013. doi: 10.1002/mrm.26862

Figure 1.

Figure 1

3D SoS EPI k-space sampling pattern and temperature reconstruction pipeline. (a) 3D SoS EPI combines in-plane radial sampling and through-plane Cartesian EPI sampling. Each TR acquires one 2D GRE-EPI plane. Successive EPI planes are spaced by the golden angle (111.25°), producing radial spokes in a 3D stack-of-stars k-space trajectory. (b) One volume k-space or one dynamic in the reconstruction spans any contiguous set of radial lines in the acquisition. The length and position of the reconstruction window can be set retrospectively. In this illustration, data from four consecutive TRs forms a k-space volume, which is inverse Fourier transformed in the slice dimension (z) to produce a hybrid k-space/image domain volume (kx−ky−z). Slices are then processed in parallel to reconstruct temperature maps using CG-SENSE with hybrid multibaseline subtraction and referenceless thermometry, or with k-space hybrid thermometry.