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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2017 Aug 8;26(8):1087–1097. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.07.020

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Autophagy inhibition exaggerated IL-1β induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. (A) Chondrocytes were seeded in 6 well plates and pretreated with different concentrations of autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) followed by addition of MitoSOX red dye. Cells were treated with IL-1β for 5 minutes and analyzed by flow cytometer to measure mitochondrial ROS. (B) Chondrocytes were pretreated with chloroquine as above followed by treatment with IL-1β for five minutes and addition of JC-1 dye for 30 minutes. The red and green fluorescence of JC-1 was measured by fluorimeter and the ΔΨM loss was calculated as ratio of red and green fluorescence (C) Chondrocytes were treated with catalase for 1 hour followed by IL-1β treatment and JC-1 staining. ΔΨM loss was calculated as above. Data is shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments, each done in triplicate (* IL-1β vs control, # CQ+IL-1β vs IL-1β, $ Catalse+IL-1β vs IL-1β, p<0.05).