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. 2017 Nov 28;9(1):20–27. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12227

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© 2017 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Possible mechanisms of myomiR release by skeletal muscle fibres. Skeletal muscle fibres can release myomiRs in their extracellular environment. The mechanisms of release are suspected to occur both in a passive and an active manner, depending on the stimulation. Myofibre necrosis induced by acute muscle damage is associated with a passive release of myomiRs in the blood through the plasma membrane. In the context of exercise or neuromuscular diseases, a passive release alone cannot explain the c‐miRNA profiles found in the blood; thus, it is probable that an active release of myomiRs occurs through secretion of extracellular vesicles (exosomes or microvesicles).