Figure 4.

Mechanism of action of ulipristal acetate (UPA). UPA binds to pituitary gland, endometrium, and uterine fibroids to elicit its actions via modulations of several markers that regulate different cell functions such as proliferation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix deposition, and angiogenesis. Abbreviations: PAEC, Progesterone Receptor Modulators associated Endometrial Changes; UPA, Ulipristal Acetate; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; BCL², B-cell lymphoma 2; TNF, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha; VEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; ADM, Adrenomedullin; MMPs, Matrix Metalloproteinases; EMMPRIN, Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer; TIMP, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases.