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Prenatal exposure to nicotine increased microbial load in fetal but not maternal tissues. (A) Microbial load in maternal tissues was not significantly impacted by nicotine exposure. (B) Microbial load in the fetal unit [placenta, amniotic fluid (AF), and fetus] was significantly increased with maternal exposure to nicotine. Data are expressed as the mean log CCU + SE. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Mycoplasma pulmonis was never isolated from any control or Nic only rats.
