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Combined nicotine and infection impacted cytokine levels in the placenta. Log-transformed cytokine levels for IFNG, IL10, TNF, and IL6 are shown. Graphs show individual data points as well as bars for mean and SEM. Cytokine data for control (n = 21), Nic only (n = 39), MP only (n = 38), and Nic + MP (n = 49) placentas were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis tests. P values < 0.05 indicate significant differences between groups.
