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Cytokine levels in the placenta were impacted by nicotine and by presence of the microbe. Log-transformed cytokine levels for IFNG, IL10, TNF, and IL6 for MP only (n = 38) and Nic + MP (n = 49) placentas (PL) were further subdivided based on positive (+) and negative (–) culture status of the placenta and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. P values < 0.05 indicate significant differences between groups. Graphs show individual data points as well as bars for mean and SEM.
